This paper provides a comprehensive discussion of Mikhail Tugan-Baranovsky’s 1916 seminal study about the working of cooperatives in a capitalist environment, which, due to historical and linguistic circumstances, has left only a limited trace in the subsequent economic literature in the...

The value of sales of an undertaking infringing antitrust law is a key determinant of the size of the fine levied by a competition authority. European competition authorities rely only on the turnover the undertaking receives from the products in relation to which the infringing conduct...

The approval of new labor reform in Spain has reignited a debate in which different professional voices discuss the impact of labor costs on variables such as the business confidence index (BCI), GDP, or employment. This research aims to assess how an increase in labor costs affects GDP and...

The increasing prevalence of gig economy platforms has made asynchronous collaboration in virtual teams a popular mode of work in today’s globalized environment. However, the exact value of teamwork remains elusive. In this study, we empirically analyze machine learning contests from Kaggle to...

This paper evaluates the basic principles of the cumulative causation concept and why it is thus vital to our understanding of uneven regional development and its impact on economic geography. Moreover, this paper examines how it differs from different mechanisms that plan to interpret how...

Purpose: Let’s compare and analyze the price adjustment payments for RCC T-beam and Prestressed bridges construction contracts for evaluation of the cost effectiveness of price adjustment payment.Design/Methodology/Approach: Based on Questionnaire survey and Official documents, comparison and...

In order to perform a surgical procedure, surgeons need to have easy access to substantial numbers of sterile instruments through surgical trays and peel packs. After the procedure, all instruments in the opened containers, regardless of whether they have been used or not, must undergo the...

Dynamic work processes produce prostures that change as a function of time. A method is needed to analyze dynamic work risks during the work process. The use of work process simulators allows analysis to be carried out in a preventive manner and workstation design errors and/or work postures can...

The paper presents a very simple mathematical proposition that enables easy examination of comparative dynamics when the stock of a renewable biological resource is very low. The proposition is used to prove that in the canonical schooling fisheries model the optimal harvest rate is a decreasing...

A random variable is difference-form decomposable (DFD) if it may be written as the difference of two i.i.d. random terms. We show that densities of such variables exhibit a remarkable degree of structure. Specifically, a DFD density can be neither approximately uniform, nor quasi convex, nor...