are laid out and credibly enforced. Our findings suggest a changing anatomy of corruption, where transgressors keep one …

This paper empirically investigates the relationship between corruption and the emigration of those with high, medium … and low levels of educational attainment. The empirical results indicate that as corruption increases the emigration rate … levels of educational attainment, however, increases at initial levels of corruption and then decreases beyond a certain …

In many auctions, the auctioneer is an agent of the seller. This invites corruption. We propose a model of corruption … profitable. We characterize equilibriumbidding in first- and second-price auctions, show how corruption distorts the allocation …, and why both the auctioneer and bidders may have a vested interest in maintaining corruption. Bid rigging is initiated by …

resource-rich countries, the decision of host governments to expropriate these investments, and the level of corruption. Higher … production. Moreover, resource production leads to high levels of corruption. Our theoretical results are confirmed by … estimations of a simultaneous equation model for 50 resource-rich countries in which we endogenize expropriation risk, corruption …