are laid out and credibly enforced. Our findings suggest a changing anatomy of corruption, where transgressors keep one …

This paper empirically investigates the relationship between corruption and the emigration of those with high, medium … and low levels of educational attainment. The empirical results indicate that as corruption increases the emigration rate … levels of educational attainment, however, increases at initial levels of corruption and then decreases beyond a certain …

corruption, the features of electoral cycles. The paper discusses both theory and evidence, and concludes with some speculations …

This paper introduces harassment in a model of bribery and corruption. We characterize the harassment equilibrium and …

In transition and developing countries, we observe rather high levels of corruption even if they have democratic … high corruption levels. Our model is based on the fact that corrupt offcials have to pay an entry fee to get lucrative … positions. In a probabilistic voting model, we show that a lack of financial institutions can lead to more corruption as more …