Financial systems worldwide are increasingly experiencing the mounting pressure of the technology based financial innovations. Some of these developments are generating alternative financial structures, existing parallelly to the “old” ones whereas some others are simply replacing the...

Since the beginning of the century, modern financial systems have been experiencing a period of dynamic change. These changes have caused the uniform fabric on which the systems were based for a long time to become eroded and a multitude of alternative solutions to appear in their place. The...

Retirement systems existing in the world are extremely complex social, economic, legal and organisational structures, however their basic function always remains provision of funds for the maintenance of people at post working stage. This basic function may be fulfilled in different ways. The...

In the last several years the world is experiencing unprecedented pension reform drive. Though much of this is still at the discussion stage several countries have already ventured into the new pension order. During the last 20 years ar sa in at least 30 countries pension systems were severely...