We investigate the relationship between the extent of a city's subway network, its population and its spatial configuration. For the 632 largest cities in the world we construct panel data describing population, measures of centralization calculated from lights at night data, and the extent of...

Recent population growth across U.S. locations (metros, micros, and remaining counties) has been strongly correlated with initial size and density. From 2000 to 2017, growth was positively correlated with initial population except among medium and large metros (those with population of at least...