The principle of effective demand, and the claim of its validity for a monetary production economy in the short and in the long run, is the core of heterodox macroeconomics, as currently found in all the different strands of post-Keynesian economics (Fundamentalists, Kaleckians, Sraffians,...

Introduction -- Why Are Standard Micro-foundations Wrong? -- Statistical Physics and Macroeconomics -- Stochastic Macro-Equilibrium: A Micro-foundation of Keynesian Economics -- The Business Cycle: The Role of Aggregate Demand -- Demand Saturation and Economic Growth ―― Where Keynes and...

This paper shows how Keynes used the neoclassical marginal productivity theory of one variable input, labor, and one fixed input, capital, to embed expectations of future prices and profits in a micro foundation of the theory of purely competitive firms. Keynes then generalized his technical...

The principle of effective demand, and the claim of its validity for a monetary production economy in the short and in the long run, is the core of heterodox macroeconomics, as currently found in all the different strands of post-Keynesian economics (Fundamentalists, Kaleckians, Sraffians,...