The applicability of EC law of state aids to the state`s unlimited liability for Savings Banks and "Landesbanken" is controversial. Legal and political discussions following the Maastricht-II-Treaty tend to assume that liabilities have to be qualified as state aids. However, as the liabilities...

In the Covid pandemic, European State aid law was liberalised to guarantee member States the possibility of supporting the economy. In an economic crisis, the tension between the possibility to counteract and fair competition comes particularly to the fore. The European Commission gave priority...