Modern transportation systems have pervasive and far-reaching effects on society and the environment. Mobility and other benefits of modern transportation arrive with many, serious undesired consequences:deaths and injuries in transport accidents, pollution of air,water and groundwater,noise...

In this paper, we review some of the basic energy balance and climate change impact issues associated with biofuels. For both the basic energy and greenhouse gas balances of producing and using a range of fuels, and for the increasingly debated and important issues of non-greenhouse gas impacts...

Motor vehicles and their related emission sources, such as petroleum refineries, emit many different kinds of air pollutants, which affect human health in a variety of ways. These health effects create a large economic cost to society. In this report, we estimate the social cost of many of the...

--We analyze the impact of the use of electric vehicles (EVs) energy consumption in general and petroleum consumption in particular. The analysis is conducted for sub-compact cars, small vans, and large vans for the years 1995 and 2010. We compare per-mile primary energy consumption of EVs and...