Introduction Government is now clearly one of the most important external variables that affects the market development of both consumer and industrial products. Intervention has frequently occurred through control on prices, advertising, sales promotion and product quality, through a variety of...

Juran defined the basic quality problem as “to strike the optimum balance between cost of quality and value of quality for each quality characteristic and to do so in the lower levels of organisation”, explaining that increased conformance reduces the losses which are due to defectives but...