In recent years, oil-exporting countries have experienced windfall gains with the rise in the price of oil. A look at how oil exporters "recycle" their revenues reveals that roughly half of the petrodollar windfall has gone to purchase foreign goods, especially from Europe and China, while the...

Financial intermediation is one of the vital determinants of long-run economic growth. It might carry extra relevance in natural resource-rich developing economies, challenged by the long-term negative effects of windfall revenues, namely the resource curse. This study explores whether financial...