In the 1960s and 1970s, oil supplies were a source of international political conflict. Major oil companies, such as Exxon, Shell, and BP were key actors in this conflict. With their vertical, multinational structures, they dominated production and trade. The study examines their strategies and...

This paper examines the fiscal responses of oil-producing countries (OPCs) to the oil boom through 2005 and the role of special fiscal institutions (SFIs)-oil funds, fiscal rules and fiscal responsibility legislation (FRL), and budgetary oil prices-in fiscal management in OPCs, and draws some...

"The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), celebrating its 60th anniversary in 2020, is one of the most recognizable acronyms in international politics. The organization has undergone decades of changing importance, from political irrelevance to the spotlight of world...