Our analysis of the welfare implications of a comparison between independent adjustment and the Lindahl solution to the public goods problem suggests that especially for small or medium sized groups the inefficiency of independent adjustment may not be sufficient cause for collective action if...

A unique data set for 1900 is used to construct estimates of mean incomes and Gini coefficients for normal families in principal cities of 33 states. Southern states showed much higher inequality levels than northern ones. Ceteris paribus, income levels were inversely related to inequality,...