The paper suggests that a portion of moral hazard is due to income transfers and that this portion of moral hazard should be excluded from the welfare loss Calculations. Only the portion of moral hazard that is due to the pure price effect has conventional welfare loss implications.

This paper presents an equilibrium asset pricing model with incomplete information on returns and agents' utility. Only some moments of the returns distributions are observable, and investors associate a return's riskness to the time required for its mean to converge around its expectation,...

We use a simple analytical framework to study how idiosyncratic production shocks are smoothed through risksharing across Spanish provinces. By analyzing how production in the average province is successively smoothed until it is used as consumption, we find that half of the shocks have been...

This paper analyses the cyclical behaviour of bank credit, loan losses and provisions for loan losses in Spain. These three variables are strongly cyclical in Spain -as in many other countries- and this poses some problems to bank supervisors and regulators. In a context of strong competitive...