This paper examines the effects of alcohol consumption on employment and wages for males and females in Russia. Both … impact on employment and wages. Further, there is some evidence in favor of an inverse U-shaped relationship between alcohol …

public sector units in 1991. Since then, per capita output has increased significantly, while the overall unemployment rate … unemployment remains stubbornly high, an overwhelming proportion of the labor force continues to work in the informal sector, and … there is little evidence of a sustained rise in wages for either unskilled rural or factory workers. …