consequences of such family planning programs almost never assess their long-run consequences, such as on labor supply, savings, or … contraception or age-specific fertility. The dearth of long-run family planning experiments has led economists to consider … independent of the reproductive preferences of parents or unobserved constraints that might influence family life cycle behaviors …

causal effect of family size on several measures associated with either the allocation of resources towards children within … the household or the outcomes of these investments. Results using data from Colombia suggest that family size has negative … likely to enroll in school and about twice as likely to be held back in school. A larger family also increases the likelihood …

consequences of such family planning programs almost never assess their long-run consequences, such as on labor supply, savings, or … contraception or age-specific fertility. The dearth of long-run family planning experiments has led economists to consider … independent of the reproductive preferences of parents or unobserved constraints that might influence family life cycle behaviors …