The maritime industry is significant to the growth and development of nations. The relationship between shipping trade … and economic growth in Nigeria is acknowledged in the literature. Still, the need to emphasise the role of shipping import … rate volatility. Using the Vector Error Correction Model, this study analyses the effect of shipping trade on economic …

This paper examines the interacting effect of global shipping and trade on climate change in Africa using data on 31 …. The results reveal that, in both the short run and long run, global shipping and trade contribute significantly to climate … change in African countries. Furthermore, we document that the impact of shipping on climate change become larger through the …