unused production capacity. Costs due to early retirement measured in terms of forgone output averaged 6.3 percent of … and how early retirement programs came about, in order to understand better the roots of the problem …

The more traditional view of retirement as a one-time event has been superseded in recent years by the idea that, for … many workers, leaving the work force may involve a less abrupt transition to full-time retirement. This article examines … the process of exiting the labor force referred to in the media and academic literature as phased retirement. It explores …