One key concern in vertical merger cases is input foreclosure. Input foreclosure involves raising the costs of competitors in the downstream market, which could in turn increase the sales and profits of the downstream merger partner. In this article, we explain how the upward pricing pressure...

There seems to be consensus that the Department of Justice's 1984 Vertical Merger Guidelines do not reflect either modern theoretical and empirical economic analysis or current agency enforcement policy. Yet widely divergent views of preferred enforcement policies have been expressed among...

How should the views of individual judges on an appellate panel be combined to reach a decision in any particular case. Oddly enough, there has been comparatively little attention paid to this very fundamental question, notwithstanding the fact that there are (at least) two very different...