In 1982, the U.S. Congress established the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (CAFC) as the sole appellate court for patent cases. This court was created ostensibly to eliminate inconsistencies in the application and interpretation of patent law across federal courts and thereby mitigate...

Both the theoretical and empirical literature on the estimation of allocative and technical inefficiency has grown enormously. To minimize aggregation bias, ideally one should estimate firm and input-specific parameters describing allocative inefficiency. However, identifying these parameters...

Econometric estimation of allocative and technical efficiency has frequently been carried out using a shadow cost function and its associated share or demand equations. Since the problem is formulated in terms of shadow prices, the effect of allocative inefficiency on input usage must be...

This article develops a general econometric procedure for determining the amount of rent captured by buyers and sellers of goods produced under any market structure. We use this technique to measure the rents earned by firms involved in the extraction, transportation, and consumption of...

We consider a professional sports league's use of a well-defined incentive mechanism, revenue sharing, to encourage the desired behavior of teams in the league. The incentive mechanism works by internalizing externalities that arise across agents (the team owners). We find revenue sharing to be...

Econometric models to estimate allocative and technical inefficiency include stochastic shadow distance frontiers, shadow cost frontiers, and shadow profit frontiers. In these models, the cost savings from eliminating both sources of inefficiency is often reported in total and then decomposed...

In 1975 the United States Environmental Protection Agency initiated an historic process of regulatory reform, now known as the Emissions Trading Program. For nonuniformly-mixed pollutants, such as sulfur dioxides, air quality is a function not only of the level of emissions, but their location...