This paper examines the implicit links between models containing ordinal variables and their underlying unquantified counterparts that are necessary to make the former viable theoretical constructions. It is argued that when the underlying unquantified structure is unknown, the permissible...

This paper presents a model of the firm that includes the possibility of firm and employee-on-the-job decision making based on alternatives to profit and utility maximization. Such alternatives are relevant and significant when explaining firm activity in cultural environments in which self...

This paper traces the history of the failed automobile-trade negotiations between Japan and the United States from the 1970 s to the mid 1990 s. It attributes the failure of those negotiations to a lack of understanding on both sides of not only what was motivating the other side, but also the...