Quotients, ratios, are among the most applied tools for measuring performance of mutual funds and investment portfolios, the Jensen index being an exception to the general rule. In this paper, we show some problems that arise when quotients are applied, closely related to their statistical...

Audit reports represent the only information stakeholders have about conducted audits and they are a key instrument used in economic and financial decisions. Improving audit reports should be a priority of regulators and auditors. The authors solicited perceptions from 212 experienced auditors...

In this research, we demonstrate that business sustainability can be a model to foster in order to reach real development, as it is shown that business sustainability has both an ethical and economic logic. Even though, from an ethical point of view, sustainability can be well-founded on human...

This study examines the effect of the CEO-employee pay gap on productivity and performance. Using extensive data of 751 constituents of the Standard and Poor's (S&P) 1500 index between the years 1992-2016, we found a cubic relationship between salary differential and corporate productivity, with...

Based on a strict and intuitive methodology, the article proposes an empirical test of the CAPM for the main Spanish market stocks. The idea is to replicate the behaviour of an investor purchasing undervalued shares according to the CAPM in order to beat the market during the following period....

Spanish Abstract: En el presente trabajo realizamos un análisis del atractivo de la inversión en Vehículos de Inversión Microfinanciera (VIMs).Comenzamos describiendo las principales características de dichos medios de inversión para, a continuación, repasar la literatura científica...

Spanish Abstract: Este estudio tiene como finalidad actualizar el artículo “The cost or benefit of socially responsible investment” publicado por Fernando Gómez-Bezares, Fernando Muñoz y María Vargas en diciembre de 2013.En ambos artículos, el objetivo principal es evaluar y comparar...

In this short article we revisit three classic performance indexes: Sharpe, Treynor and Jensen, adding a fourth index, the Penalized Internal Rate of Return (PIRR), which is perfectly coherent with those three. We propose some axioms that support the logic of these indexes, identifying one...