In all Member States of the European Union, tax benefits or tax relief granted in the context of a harmonized energy tax are a frequent phenomenon. Most of those tax expenditure rules have been introduced at the discretion of the Member States, based on the authorizations of Article 5 and 15-19...

We take a first look at limitations on the use of energy-related tax credits contained in the General Business Credit (GBC) due to limitations within the regular corporate income tax as well as the AMT. Between 2000 and 2005, firms were unable to use all energy-related tax credits due to GBC...