Recent research on the determinants of Third World military expenditures has indicated that economic variables show great promise in providing a framework as to the underlying causes of Third World defense allocation decisions. Building on this research, we test the hypotheses that the level of...

In the last twenty years, there has been a growing interest in quantifying the `guns versus butter' tradeoff facing developing countries. This article examines Pakistan's military expenditures between 1973 and 1986 and estimates both a short-run impact model and long-run adjustment model to...

The turbulent world economic conditions of the 1970s and 1980s have required major adjustments within individual Third World countries. Two distinct responses were made by various governments: some reacted rather quickly with internal adjustment policies, while others borrowed heavily in order...

Addresses the question of whether military expenditures in the Arab world have been at the expense of human capital development. Mainly finds that countries in the Arab world have experienced increases in human capital development associated with increased rates of military participation (armed...

The question of whether military expenditures in the Third World in general and the Middle East/South Asia region in particular have been at the expense of national human resource development is addressed. The findings of a cross‐sectional analysis of public sector expenditure patterns in a...

Assesses the main factors affecting employment in the Arab Gulf region. In particular: What are the main determinants of employment in the region? How do these determinants vary between national and foreign workforces? Have these determinants changed over time? The results, particularly for the...

Seeks to provide some insight as to the scope for population policy in post‐war Kuwait, where officially the Government is committed to reducing the expatriate population. Specifically attempts to determine which public services were most likely to be responsive to increases in the foreign...

The cornerstone of the government’s adjustment program is to increase the efficiency of private investment and activity by deregulating the economy and promoting competition. The counterpart of this fundamental strategy is the need to increase the effectiveness of the public sector which in...