From 1990 to 1999 there were 700 energy projects in developing countries involving private participation. Investment in these projects totaled nearly US$190 billion, and foreign capital was a major source of funds. Global developers were the top ten sponsors of private energy projects in...

The Russian attack on Ukraine in February 2022 shook continental geopolitics and led to a major shift in EU energy policy. The necessary speed of the combined diversification away from the Russian energy sources, fossil fuel phase-out and mass scale-up of low-carbon energy and technologies are...