efficiency with a relevant amount of tax revenues and social expenditures. They obviously obtain very high redistribution, above … 15 points. Most of the countries considered show an intermediate level of redistribution (between 7 and 12 points), but … countries show a very low level of redistribution, below 7 points. Interestingly, they vary in the level of tax burden and of …

the effect on income redistribution of proportional taxes and income sources exempt from taxation such as tax-free cash …