The role of various types of road user tolls has been an important part of Norwegian transport development for a number of years. There are now around 50 such projects in operation around the country. This paper examines the urban toll ring projects and presents results from new research into...

Transport systems in the UK are facing severe problems of congestion, rising energy use and pollution. One response to this is the move from local authorities to gradually introduce Travel Demand Management (TDM) strategies, but these measures involve a complicated set of institutions,...

Transport is already a large component of our economy and society. Historically, transport programmes were substantially about developing basic infrastructure networks. Now the emphasis is on the active management of systems and operating them to maximum advantage in the face of growing travel...

This project was commissioned by the DETR to fulfil a commitment made in the 1998 white paper onintegrated transport, A New Deal for Transport: Better for Everyone. This was to carry out research onthe influence of the existing tax system with a view to seeing whether changes could be effective...

Transport systems in the UK are facing severe problems of congestion, rising energy use andpollution. One response to this is the move from local authorities to gradually introduce TravelDemand Management (TDM)1 strategies, but these measures involve a complicated set ofinstitutions, processes,...

Correctly pricing transport behaviour to take account of the ‘external’ costs such as congestion, andemissions imposed on society by excessive car use has long been a tenet of effective TransportationDemand Management. But while policy makers have striven to increase public transport...

Correctly pricing transport behavior to take account of the ‘external’ costs such as congestion,emissions and congestion imposed on society by excessive car use has long been a tenet of effectiveTransportation Demand Management. But while policy makers have striven to increase public...

Strategic Niche Management (SNM) is rooted in organisational innovationdiffusion theory and provides a structure to evaluate and manage the introductionof new transport technologies. In brief, SNM involves:• Formation of a ‘technological niche’.• Identification and introduction of...

Tax and Transport Policy: In recent years there have been increasingly strong linkages between national fiscal systems andenvironmental/transport objectives. Within the European Union, European Commission (EC) policyhas been outlined in documents such as ‘Towards Fair and Efficient Pricing’...