We argue that long run and dynamic relationships should exist between commodity prices, consumer prices and money. Using a cointegrating VAR framework and US data, our empirical analysis shows equilibrium relationships existing between money, commodity prices and consumer prices, with both...

The influence of commodity prices on consumer prices is usually seen as originating in commodity markets. We argue, however, that long run and short run relationships should exist between commodity prices, consumer prices and money and that the influence of commodity prices on consumer prices...

The relative importance of different retail payment media varies across countries. There are, however, some trends in the data that are evident pan-nationally: cash seems to be playing a lesser role in payment activity; among non-cash forms of payment, there has been a substitution away from...

This article argues that long run monetary determination of both commodity and consumer prices may help explain US CPI and commodity price index data since the early 2000s.

This article considers how wholesale (also often called large-value) payment systems can be organised, how they have evolved over recent decades and what are the forces currently at play in shaping settlement mechanisms.

This paper sets out a methodology for constructing fan charts for the government deficit and debt ratios over the medium-term. It relies on information contained in Stability/Convergence Programme Updates, a model of the relevant stochastic process (for example, the real GDP process) or...