Medium-term budgetary frameworks are institutional arrangements at national level intended to improve official forecasts in EU member states. The influence of those frameworks on official forecasts of output growth and the budget balance ratio in 24 EU member states over the years 2008 to 2019...

The influence of commodity prices on consumer prices is usually seen as originating in commodity markets. We argue, however, that long run and short run relationships should exist between commodity prices, consumer prices and money and that the influence of commodity prices on consumer prices...