Two prominent secular trends characterize the transformation of labor markets in industrialized countries in recent decades. First, employment has shifted from manufacturing to services. Second, the share of female employment in total employment has risen sharply. This paper documents a novel...

SMEs are key to development, as they provide livelihoods and jobs for the majority of people in LMICs. Yet, their development is often hampered by constrained access to finance. SMEs mostly depend on bank loans for external finance. However, these have been insufficient to overcome SMEs'...

The Global Financial Crisis (GFC) is the most serious economic crisis since the Great Depression. Many books have explored its causes, but this book systematically explores its consequences. The focus is primarily on the policy and political consequences of the GFC. This book asks how...

The decarbonization of India’s economy will have different effects across income groups. As India is in the middle of the transformation process from an agriculture-based economy towards an industry- and service-based economy, called economic structural change, the extent of income...