This paper tests for the existence of diseconomies of size for Canadian cities using Gibrat's Law. If diseconomies of size are not present, then the growth rate of cities is shown to contain a unit root. Therefore, testing for Gibrat's Law is equivalent to testing for unit roots commonly found...

Rural economies in the United States and Canada are characterized by incomes persistently below those in metropolitan areas and both unemployment and underemployment rates continuously above those in major urban economies. Other socio-economic comparisons also indicate an adverse relationship....

The way in which the economic base of regional economies influences the viability of the communities that serve them has been a subject of inquiry for several decades. Many previous studies have been static in nature, thereby failing to capture the influence of changes in the base through time....