This paper analyses the ECT from the perspective of the protection of Russian investments in downstream energy markets, in particular in the EU. Based on a primarily legal approach, this paper takes the Russian perspective and focuses on jurisdictional issues relating to the possibility for...

This paper examines the effect of energy markets on flows employing dynamic panel models for forty-three (43) countries globally from 1990 to 2015. It establishes the role of energy markets in driving private capital flows. Decomposing flows into their various forms, the paper confirms that oil...