The economic surplus approach is used to estimate the returns to federal investments in dairy cattle research in Canada. A national supply function is estimated using time series data. Lagged research expenditures are included as explanatory variables in the model, facilitating the calculation...

This paper offers a unique Marxian formulation of the transformation of values in prices of production. This formulation-based upon a specific reading of Marx's economics not previously applied to the "transformation problem"-permits a radically new conception and solution to that problem. The...