physical and market attributes meant its mining and trade continued despite the implementation of trade control measures), low …

2018, the mining of metals and coal continued to be an important contributor to the economies of several low- and middle …-income countries. As in our previous calculations of the Mining Contribution Index, African countries in particular benefit from this … reserves of metals and minerals necessary for the low-carbon future, and in particular those with an existing mining industry …

The taxation of the mining industry varies considerably from nation to nation. This paper reflects on the evolving use … of various taxation approaches applied by governments to the mining sector. It includes a description of the principal … options in a holistic approach that anticipates commodity price cycles, and that mining companies should anticipate fiscal …

This paper investigates the relationship between mining and spatial inequality in Africa during 2001-12. The … identification strategy is based on a unilateral causation between mining and district inequality. The findings show that when … minerals are aggregated, mining increases district inequality. But an analysis of individual minerals shows that mining affects …