higher degree of competition for users can lead to higher profits because competition on the advertisers' side is reduced. If … platforms can charge users as well, profits might increase or decrease, the latter because of increased competition through the …

Economists typically locate the origins of the theory of externalities in A.C. Pigou's The Economics of Welfare (1920 … conceptions of externalities, framed by changing ideas about what economic theory is attempting to achieve …, Pigou's effort gave rise to an unbroken Pigovian tradition in externality theory that continues to exert a substantial …

competition depends on demand uncertainty, suppliers' asymmetry, and the magnitude of the externalities. Under low externalities …We study a model of competition with multiple suppliers who sell green technology products, such as electric vehicles … production quantities depending on the level of subsidies offered by the government. We quantify how competition affects …