The literature on British economic history presumes that Britain was a free trader after the repeal of the Corn Laws. Thus her tariff levels were below those which were optimal for maximizing utility. Presumably, if the optimal British tariff was positive and greater than the levels established...

Der Beginn der bremisch-australischen Handelsbeziehungen wurde in den vierziger Jahren des 19. Jahrhunderts durch die Beförderung von Auswanderern eingeleitet. Dadurch wurde Australien für Bremen aber kein "zweites Amerika", die Masse der europäischen Australienauswanderer kam aus...

In War, Wine, and Taxes, John Nye debunks the myth that Britain was a free-trade nation during and after the industrial revolution, by revealing how the British used tariffs--notably on French wine--as a mercantilist tool to politically weaken France and to respond to pressure from local brewers...