Articles 4.8 and 4.9 of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and Article 3.14 of the Kyoto Protocol seek to limit adverse effects on developing countries due to the implementation of response measures to climate change, i.e. mitigation and adaptation. In the short...

The agreement on implementation of the Kyoto Protocol achieved at COP7 in Marrakech has important implications for investment in greenhouse gas emission reduction projects in developing countries through the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). The required actual emission reductions for...

One and a half decades of climate negotiations have directly caused greenhouse gas emissions of about 150,000 t CO₂. At prevailing market prices, making the full negotiation process greenhouse-gas-neutral ex post would cost about US$0.5 million, which is a fraction of the cost of the conferences.

Additionality of greenhouse gas emission reduction achieved through projects in developing countries has beena matter of heated debate for quite some time. Michael Grubb succintly summarized the inborn paradox of the additionality concept. It reads: "the most 'cost-effective' projects may be the...