The purpose of this study is to investigate the earnings management behavior in Pakistani business groups by empirically testing the impact of ownership concentration as well as client importance on earnings management. A novel measure for client importance is proposed. This measure uses...

The paper revisits the issue of robustness of fund performance by evaluating European large-cap equity funds. For this fund category traditional market risk factor adjusted performance measures are expected to be fairly robust. However, for the sample of 65 European large-cap mutual equity...