European energy crisis has three elements: skyrocketing prices for energy carriers such as natural gas, coal, as well …

studying climate damage. Our model features coal, oil, and gas, each extracted subject to increasing costs, a clean energy …

Coal consumption and production have sharply declined in recent years in the U.S., despite political support. Reasons … are mostly unfavorable economic conditions for coal, including competition from natural gas and renewables in the power … sector, as well as an aging coal- fired power plant fleet. The U.S. Energy Information Administration as well as most models …