This article conducts a detailed analysis of the concept of economic dependence and exploitative abuse based on how their treatment in competition law and economics and their enforcement in European case law have evolved. Although the theoretical roots of these concepts lie in economic theory,...

The problems with national airlines in small peripheral member states indicate that the effects of strict competition policy and state aid rules of the European Union (EU) may not be equally useful for all member states and their citizens. Measures that are considered efficient from the...

The main aim of this paper is to examine how the current European Commission guidelines issued in 2004 on the application of Article 101(3) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) (hereinafter: Commission guidelines) could be improved to allow undertakings to assess their...