The dramatic social changes have resulted in the need for SMMEs in South Africa to have dynamic capability and agile structures. However, due to the cost of hiring full time professional managers, certified public accountants or practicing accountants are required to fill this gap by offering...

Limited access to finance is one of the major barriers for women entrepreneurs in Africa. This paper presents a model of start-ups in which firms' sales and profits depend on their productivity and access to credit. However, due to the lack of collateral assets such as land, female entrepreneurs...