This study examines the initial impact of COVID-19 shutdowns on the employment and hours of unincorporated self …-employed workers using data from the Current Population Survey. Although the shutdowns decreased employment and hours for all groups …, differential effects by gender, couple status, and parental status exist. Coupled women were less likely to be working than coupled …

to change legal gender. In many states transgender people are forced to undergo surgical procedures if they wish to … change their gender on ID documents, which can be invasive, expensive, and is not always desired. In the present work state … causal impact of these removals on the labour force participation and employment of transgender people. The findings …

gender discrimination in China. Finally, we investigate new factors that determine the gender pay gap in the gig economy …The rapid ascent of digital platforms and the gig economy has prompted concerns about the gender pay gap. The results … show that in the gig economy, gender continues to be a crucial determinant of workers' earnings, with women earning 85% of …

This paper uses tax and student loan administrative data to measure how the earnings of English graduates around 10 … years into the labour market vary with gender, institution attended subject and socioeconomic background. The English system … Business deliver substantial premiums over typical graduates, while disappointingly, Creative Arts delivers earnings which are …

We consider the academic performance of Italian university graduates and their labour market position three years after …. Assuming that academic competition is fair and that individual talent is equally distributed by gender, we suggest that the … gender gap evident in degree scores is endogenously due to the greater effort exerted by female students. The rationale for …