This paper extends previous works on total factor productivity decomposition when firms receive both operating and capital subsidies. It shows that previous works considered either the lump-sum or substitution effects of these subsidies but not together. Using constrained cost minimization as...

Past studies relied on ad hoc associations to establish relationships between productivity on one hand and operating and capital subsidies on the other. This article deviates from these studies. It builds on recent research based on private cost to derive a total factor productivity formula that...

This paper conceptualizes various discount strategies used by airlines. Using a constrained revenue maximization model that assumes interdependent demand, it develops rules to guide decision-making, and shows that the large fare discount-many discount seats and small fare discount-few discount...

It is widely considered that minorities’ rights and dignity are protected in liberal societies particularly in western liberal countries up to a level humanly possible. However, in this article I show that it’s not as much heroic a theory as we conceive specifically when the liberal society...