APAC countries (India and the People's Republic of China) and on par with the EU's growth. There is an ongoing process of … bottom firms catching up with top firms in the Republic of Korea and the richest EU countries. Regarding employment and labor … skills, employment growth has generally been quite stagnant in all regions. Labor skills, for which we use the wage premium …

findings from the literature on how productivity, innovation, and employment were impacted by the Great Liberalizationa period … employment effects. The results reinforce some of the key findings of the earlier literature, notably the positive … employment point to a relatively small negative shock, not unlike that of the early 1990s, that was centered on low-skilled labor …

, employment and exports. The econometric approach addresses the problems of unobserved firm heterogeneity as well as the potential … show positive effects on sales, labor productivity and employment; the effects on exports are less clear. …