Ecological restoration programs and payments for ecosystem services have both attracted broad academic and policy attention. While they are inherently linked and thus should be part of the integrated processes of ecosystem management, they have been largely pursued separately. The majority of...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess how spatial heterogeneity and production diversification have affected the efficiency of households participating in the SLCP. Design/methodology/approach – Based on household survey data collected from three sample counties in the Loess...