One of the explicit aims of the Directive on competition damages actions (the Directive) is to make the quantification of harm resulting from violations of European Union (EU) competition rules easier for damages claimants. One of the several ways envisioned by the Directive to achieve that aim...

The Austrian Federal Competition Authority (AFCA) invited comment on its draft guidelines for exempting “sustainability agreements” from condemnation under Austrian competition law. That law recently changed, allowing a specific exemption for otherwise anticompetitive horizontal agreements...

1. The regulatory environment : antitrust law and enforcement in the US and the EU -- 2. Oligopoly markets, collusion, and the operation of cartels -- 3. The historical background -- 4. Globalization and corporate collusion -- 5. Collusion in the industrialized world : the structure of the...

Mergers and acquisitions shape industry competition. Effective merger remedies are important for market efficiency and consumer welfare. This paper explores the need for more flexible remedies to address changing markets after mergers. While the EU permits some flexibility with less restrictive...

In recent years governments have paid increasing attention to weighing the socioeconomic benefits of regulations against their costs. Rules and regulations governing economic activity are typically formulated with a view to their benefits. Their effects on the costs and inefficiencies, in...

This article discusses the approach to compliance programmes of two national competition authorities: the Dutch Authority for Consumers and Markets and the French Autorité de la Concurrence. The article explores the question whether these authorities could do more to unlock the full potential...