We explore three recent comprehensive reforms which aim to equalize access to elite elementary schools in Beijing, to … schools through lotteries, the reform of school federation led by elite schools consolidates ordinary primary schools through … alliance with elite schools. Moreover, an ordinary primary school can be promoted to key elementary school without involving …

We explore recent policy changes which aim to equalize access to elite elementary schools in Beijing, to identify the … key elementary schools through lotteries, the policy of school federation led by elite schools consolidates ordinary … primary schools through alliance with elite schools. Moreover, the designated primary school for a residential complex can …

perspective - elite cleavage. We argue that the systematic vulnerability of marginalized local cadres motivated them to ally with …, resulting in much more vibrant private economic activities in some regions. Further empirical evidence shows that elite …