This paper shows first that real exchange-rate appreciation typically reduces, but may increase, the output cos ts of disinflation. The direct favorable effects of cheaper imports o n consumer prices, on the prices of imported inputs, on wage demands, and on the demand for money may be...

This article summarizes the simple analytics of the macroeconomic effects of government budget deficits. The presentation is organized around three key relationships: the national income accounts budget deficit identity, the deficit financing identity, and the dyamic equation for the evolution...

Mainstream macroeconomics is under attack, professionally and in the popular press, as rarely before. Stanley Fischer has brought together this collection of essays in support of the view that mainstream macroeconomics can contribute much that it is both scientifically and socially useful to the...

Is there a useful function for an international lender of last resort (ILLR)--defined as crisis lender and crisis manager? Yes for international capital flows are excessively volatile and contagious, and because an ILLR can help mitigate the effects of this instability. I examine the Bagehot...

The authors analyze the growth and stabilization experience in twenty-six transition economies in Eastern Europe, the former Soviet Union, and Mongolia for the period 1989-94. Inflation rates have declined significantly in most countries following an inflation stabilization program. Typically,...