When a decision-maker faces a choice between alternatives of action in a situation of uncertainty, one speaks of a ¡°game against Nature¡± when he/she faces no interaction with another player or group. In the process of global warming, mankind is the one player facing two alternatives:...

One may show that CO2 emissions per GDP unit of economic output have fallen over time as well as that this ratio is smaller in rich than in poor countries. However, one cannot conclude that a halt to the growth in total emissions is likely in the future. Similarly, one may show that the CO2...

As environmental degradation increases around the globe, especially in relation to open access resources, new policies to augment sustainability have to be invented. The purpose of this paper is to provide a most concrete example of some of the difficulties involved, by means of examining recent...

The global energy-environment conundrum unfolds now with more and more evidence confirming the climate change hypothesis. The accumulation of greenhouses gases in the atmosphere is strongly linked with economic production, the GDP indicator. Here we give the exact relationships between GDP,...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to emphasize that East Asia and South East Asia, despite enormous economic advances, have a deficit on rule of law, analysed as either judicial autonomy and legal integrity (rule of law I) or as voice and accountability (rule of law II)....

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to show how CO2 equivalent emissions are closely linked with economic development, over time and also across countries. Design/methodology/approach – Emissions data from energy information administration were subjected to macro analysis, regressed upon...