In this article, the functioning of economic instruments related to the exploitation of road transport vehicles is elaborated. A critical overview of characteristics of different instruments as well as the usefulness of these instruments from the point of view of opportunities for application to...

The main purpose of this paper is to estimate and evaluate the social costs of highways in Japan. In general, with more people concerned about protecting the environment at both local and global levels, dependence on vehicular transportation in cities has brought about problems. Too much...