Economic growth in Russia in the first decade of this century almost doubled the country's GDP but was accompanied by … substantial reallocation of labor to the unregulated sector while formal employment was on gradual decline. The paper overviews … employment and earnings as well as the associated political economy challenges and consequences. …

that China can learn from Russia that it has a substantial potential for increasing employment among healthy people under … and Russia is investigated using micro-data for 2002, 2013, and 2018. Estimated logit models show that, in both countries … female. We find that seniors in urban Russia are more likely to work for earnings than their counterparts in China. Two …

and Russia is investigated using micro-data for 2002, 2013, and 2018. Estimated logit models indicate that, in both …, being female. We find that seniors in urban Russia are more likely to work for earnings than their counterparts in China … much stronger negative association with earnings in urban China than in urban Russia. This is consistent with the facts …

, employment, and capital equations largely corroborate the implications of the behavioral models of the two types of enterprise …Differences in wages, employment, and capital between worker-owned and capitalist enterprises are computed from a …. Co-op wages are about 14 percent lower on average and they are more volatile (and employment less volatile) than those in …